In the Pilanesberg Game Reserve in South Africa, a male elephant attacked a tourist bus. The guide had chosen to take the tourists to the Rathlog Bird Sanctuary. The tourists had exited the vehicle and were in the parking lot when the tour guide noticed a male elephant heading towards the bus. He then asked his passengers to return to the bus. 4 people managed to get back into the vehicle and another 15 managed to hide in the parking lot. To protect visitors, the driver tried to drive the elephant away by making noise and shouting. But this had the opposite effect and the elephant attacked the vehicle, lifting it twice into the air and letting it fall hard to the ground. During the breeding season, male elephants reach testosterone levels several times higher than normal. They exhibit aggressive behavior and a thick, tar-like secretion called frontalis, emerges from their temporal openings.